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GCRI · 양자기술

책임 있는 양자 혁신

Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.

01캔버스

일이 진행되는 방식.

시스템 · 이 주제 주변예시

양자 내성 전환 추적기

Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

위험에 처한 장수명 데이터GCRI · 양자기술

이주

  1. 목록모든 암호
  2. 우선순위 설정데이터 수명
  3. 선택표준 알고리즘
  4. 하이브리드 배치고전 암호와 PQC
  5. 시험상호운용
  6. 전환폐기

우선순위별 시스템

아카이브 서명RSA-204818ML-DSA 하이브리드시범 운영
VPN 게이트웨이ECDH10ML-KEM 하이브리드계획됨
결제 HSMRSA-30729공급업체 로드맵차단됨
Web TLSECDHE2하이브리드 키 교환완료

진행 상황

목록화됨, %72 of 100 required하이브리드 배치, %23 of 50 required퇴역, %13 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Responsible quantum innovation.예시 이름과 예시 값으로, 실제 기록이나 운영 중인 시스템이 아닌 설계안입니다.

그림Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02질문

Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.

Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

메커니즘

Dual use is built in

Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.

메커니즘

Export controls restrict diffusion

Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.

메커니즘

Capability is concentrated

Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.

메커니즘

Hype misleads decisions

Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.

03방법과 근거

How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.

모형, 그 가정, 데이터, 불확실성을 과학자나 엔지니어가 확인할 형태로 제시합니다. 구조는 발행된 방법을 따릅니다. 제시된 값은 예시이며 결과가 아닙니다.

시스템 모형

The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+양자사이버지역사회경제R 강화B 균형
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR 지침 원칙 · GO FAIR와 FORCE11W3C PROV · 월드 와이드 웹 컨소시엄불확실성의 일관된 처리에 관한 지침 · IPCCCEOS 분석 준비 데이터(Analysis Ready Data) · 지구관측위성위원회
04영역 전반

Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.

05지표

측정되는 것과 그 정확도.

각 지표에는 단위, 주기, 그 뒤의 출처 종류, 값에 붙을 근거 표시가 있습니다. 값은 표시하지 않습니다. 값은 프로그램이 자체 권한으로 제공합니다.

지표단위주기출처 유형라벨
Countries with national quantum strategies건수연간Government strategy documents공표 통계
Export control measures on quantum items건수변경별Government notices공표 통계
Share of quantum patents by countrypercent연간Patent databases관측
International research collaborations in quantumcount of co-authored papers by country pair연간Bibliometric data관측
Responsible innovation frameworks adopted건수평가별Programme documentation신고됨
Public engagement activities on quantum건수연간Programme reports보고됨
06출처

근거의 출처.

이름이 명시된 공개 데이터셋과 기관 기록으로, 각각 라이선스 등급이 있습니다. 협약에 따른 출처는 그 조건에 따라서만 사용하며 결코 재게시하지 않습니다.

출처제공하는 것라이선스 등급
Government export control lists and noticesControls on quantum itemsPublic records, licence per government
OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and societyPolicy and ethics perspectivesPublic, terms per organisation
NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205)Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacksUS government work, public domain
Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlexCollaboration and publication patterns공개, CC0
Patent databasesGeographic distribution of patentingFree access, terms per office
07결정

누가 결정하며 근거는 무엇에 쓰이는지.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

결정 주체질문이 페이지가 제공하는 근거
정부How to balance security controls with open science and collaborationGovernance reviews; export control evidence
연구 재원 제공 기관How to assess quantum claims and fund responsiblyClaims assessment guides
International organisationsHow to support access for countries with little capabilityConcentration analyses

이 주제가 생산하는 산출물

  • Governance landscape reviews for quantum
  • Analyses of capability concentration
  • Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
  • Evidence notes on export control effects on research
08핵심 질문

전문가가 묻는 것.

Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.

  • Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
  • Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
  • How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
  • How can countries without quantum industries protect their 시스템 during the cryptographic transition?
  • What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
09메커니즘

메커니즘과 동인.

Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication 시스템 serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.

Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.

10방법과 데이터

연구되는 방식과 방법의 한계.

방법 또는 데이터표시 내용한계
Technology assessment and foresightPlausible developments and their implicationsForesight is not prediction
Ethical, legal and social analysisRights, fairness and accountability questionsNormative judgements differ across societies
Stakeholder and public engagementConcerns and values of those affectedEngagement can be shallow or unrepresentative
Life-cycle assessmentEnergy and material footprintData on emerging 시스템 is limited
11방법

연구되는 방식과 방법이 말할 수 없는 것.

  1. 사이버보안 및 암호학암호 자산 목록 · 전환 우선순위 설정 · QKD 구현 검토이곳에서의 적용
  2. 확률과 통계충실도 추정 · 우위 주장 검증 · 특허와 투자 데이터 분석이곳에서의 적용
  3. 물리학과 양자과학큐비트 잡음 특성 분석 · 양자 시계 계측 · 양자 효과 검증이곳에서의 적용
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

이 페이지를 읽을 때 기준이 되는 기구와 문서. 상태와 판은 바뀌며, 각 링크는 발행 기구로 연결됩니다.

13질문

질문과 답변.

Why is quantum technology dual use?
Because the same advances that enable useful computing and sensing could break current cryptography or support military applications.
What is the quantum divide?
Concern that a few countries and firms will hold most quantum capability and benefits, widening gaps with others.
How can quantum claims be assessed?
By checking whether results are peer-reviewed, compared with the best classical methods, reproduced independently and stated with their limits.
Why is hype a risk?
Because overstated claims redirect funding and policy and damage trust when they fail. Clear separation of demonstrated results from expectation is part of responsible innovation.
Should quantum research be restricted?
That is for governments and institutions to decide. The platform publishes evidence on the trade-offs between security, openness and collaboration.
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
Mainly through the cryptographic transition: inventory, migration planning and adoption of standardised post-quantum algorithms, which do not require quantum hardware.
보고서기여하기

이 페이지에서 증거를 기여하십시오.

보고서 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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